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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Thuringium</span></h1>
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<p>Das <b>Thuringium</b>, auch verkürzt zu <b>Thuring</b> (oder auch in der französischen Form <b>Thuringien</b> gebraucht), ist in der <a href="Erdgeschichte" class="mw-redirect" title="Erdgeschichte">Erdgeschichte</a> eine früher meist im regionalen oder supraregionalen Kontext des mitteleuropäischen Permbeckens, in geringerem Maße auch international benutzten <a href="Stufe_(Geologie)" title="Stufe (Geologie)">Stufe</a> des <a href="Perm_(Geologie)" title="Perm (Geologie)">Perm</a>. Sie wurde zunächst synonym zu <a href="Zechstein" title="Zechstein">Zechstein</a> verwendet, einer Gesteinseinheit bzw. Einheit der <a href="Lithostratigraphie" title="Lithostratigraphie">Lithostratigraphie</a> und war damit im Grunde selber lithostratigraphisch definiert. Später gab es Versuche, das Thuringium als <a href="Chronostratigraphie" title="Chronostratigraphie">chronostratigraphische</a> Stufe zu etablieren. Die Gleichsetzung einer lithostratigraphischen Einheit mit einer (vermeintlich) chronostratigraphischen Einheit ist heute in der Geologie nicht mehr gewünscht. Bei der Definition der Grenzen der vermeintlich chronostratigraphischen Stufe gab es aus verschiedenen Gründen größere Probleme. Es wird daher empfohlen, den Begriff heute nicht mehr zu verwenden. Er ist jedoch von historischen Interesse, da er in der älteren Literatur weit verbreitet ist, und z. T. in der <a href="Pal%C3%A4obotanik" title="Paläobotanik">paläobotanischen</a> Literatur bis in die jüngste Zeit Verwendung fand.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschichte_und_Namensgebung">Geschichte und Namensgebung</h2></div>
<p>Das Thuringium ist nach dem deutschen Bundesland Thüringen benannt. Der Begriff wurde von den französischen Geologen Ernest Munier-Chalmas und <a href="Albert_de_Lapparent" title="Albert de Lapparent">Albert de Lapparent</a> 1893 vorgeschlagen und bezeichnete ursprünglich den Zechstein im südlichen Harzvorland. Der Begriff Thuringium wie auch <a href="Saxonium" title="Saxonium">Saxonium</a> war in erster Linie ein lithostratigraphischer Begriff. Erst später definierten andere Autoren die Basis des Thuringiums mit Hilfe von Mikrofloren (Pollen und Sporen) <a href="Biostratigraphie" title="Biostratigraphie">biostratigraphisch</a> und versuchten den Begriff chronostratigraphisch zu etablieren.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition_und_Korrelation">Definition und Korrelation</h2></div>
<p>Die Untergrenze des Thuringiums und damit die Grenze zum Saxonium ist äußerst umstritten, und die Korrelation mit der internationalen chronostratigraphischen Gliederung des Perms ist mit sehr großen Diskrepanzen behaftet. Die Basis des Thuringiums wird in manchen Korrelationen daher bis ins <a href="Artinskium" title="Artinskium">Artinskium</a> zurück verlegt. Die jüngsten Palynofloren im südlichen Harzvorland stammen aus dem unteren Rotliegend. Das Oberrotliegend hat aufgrund der Oxidation von organischem Material praktisch keine Mikrofloren geliefert hat.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hier liegt die Untergrenze des paläobotanisch definierten Thuringiums bzw. beginnen „thuringische“ Mikrofloren bereits im <a href="Asselium" title="Asselium">Asselium</a>/<a href="Sakmarium" title="Sakmarium">Sakmarium</a>. Die „thuringischen“ Mikrofloren erscheinen damit weit vor der Transgression des Zechsteins im unteren <a href="Wuchiapingium" title="Wuchiapingium">Wuchiapingium</a>, der ursprünglichen Untergrenze des lithostratigraphisch definierten Thuringiums.
</p><p>Aufgrund der großen Schwierigkeiten eine Untergrenze für das Thuringium bzw. der stark unterschiedlichen Auffassungen über den Beginn des Thuringiums raten Manfred Menning et al. (2005) von der weiteren Benutzung des Begriffes ab.
</p><p>Gerade im Falle des Thuringiums wird sehr deutlich, dass im Grunde ursprünglich lithostratigraphische Begriffe nicht chronostratigraphisch verwendet werden sollten. Chronostratigraphie und Lithostratigraphie sind zwei unterschiedliche Methoden der Gliederung von Gesteinsabfolgen, deren unterschiedlich definierte Begriffe nicht synonym gebraucht werden dürfen. Ziel muss jedoch sein, die lithostratigraphischen Einheiten möglichst genau in die chronostratigraphische Gliederung einzuhängen. Die Basis des Zechstein bzw. die Transgression des Meeres, in denen die Gesteine des Zechsteins zur Ablagerung kamen, kann heute relativ sicher in das untere <a href="Wuchiapingium" title="Wuchiapingium">Wuchiapingium</a> datiert werden.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quellen">Quellen</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h3></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Spencer G. Lucas, Joerg W. Schneider und Giuseppe Cassinis: <i>Non-marine Permian biostratigraphy and biochronology: an introduction.</i> In: Spencer G. Lucas, Giuseppe Cassinis und Joerg W. Schneider (Hrsg.): <i>Non-Marine Permian Biostratigraphy and Biochronology.</i> Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 265, 1-14, London 2006 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sp.lyellcollection.org/cgi/reprint/265/1/1.pdf">PDF</a></span>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literatur">Literatur</h3></div>
<ul><li>Manfred Menning, Reinhard Benek, Jürgen Boy, Bodo-Carlo Ehling, Frank Fischer, Birgit Gaitzsch, Reinhard Gast, Gotthard Kowalczyk, Harald Lützner, Wolfgang Reichel und Jörg W. Schneider: <i>Das Rotliegend in der Stratigraphischen Tabelle von Deutschland 2002 – "Paternoster-Stratigraphie" auf dem Rückzug.</i> Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 41(1-3): 91-122, Stuttgart 2005 <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220078-0421%22&key=cql">0078-0421</a></span></span></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stratigraphie.de/">Deutsche Stratigraphische Kommission</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stratigraphie.de/std2002/download/STD2002_large.pdf">Stratigraphische Tabelle von Deutschland 2002 PDF 7 MB</a></li></ul></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
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